Emissions scopes: A classification system for emission by source type: Scope 1: (direct) emissions owned or controlled by an organisation; Scope 2: indirect emissions from purchased electricity, heat, and cooling ; Scope 3: other indirect emissions relating to an organisation’s activities but outside of their control (e.g. purchased goods and services, waste disposal). Fossil fuels: Carbon rich fuels, including coal, oil and natural gas, that are derived from the remains of ancient plants and animals. GHGs: Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere responsible for global warming; primarily carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. KtCO2e: A measurement of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, representing thousands of tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. Net zero: Net zero is the balance between the emissions we produce and those we remove from the atmosphere through emission saving activities and offsetting. We achieve net zero when the amount of emissions we produce each year is equal to or less than the amount we take away. This can be achieved by reducing the emissions we produce and offsetting any remaining emissions that are too expensive or complex to prevent entirely. Retrofit: Installing energy efficient measures, such as insulation, double glazing and efficient electrical and heating appliances, in existing buildings to improve their environmental performance and reduce the loss of heat and energy. Whole life carbon: Whole life carbon relates to the emissions associated with a building or product across its entire lifespan, including its creation, emissions associated with its day-to-day use and emissions related to its eventual disposal. For buildings, this includes emissions from lighting, heating and appliances as well as the embodied emissions associated with its construction, maintenance and disposal. Glossary 2 challenges and opportunities challenges and opportunities 44 | Zero Carbon City 2040 Westminster Climate Emergency Action Plan Contents Contents Glossary Glossary accelerating Delivery accelerating Delivery Foreword and introduction Foreword and introduction commitment and Collaboration commitment and Collaboration